Traveling Through 100 Million Years - Zion National Park Geology and Landscape Guide

Zion National Park is located in southwestern Utah, USA, approximately 260 kilometers from Las Vegas. Covering an area of 593 square kilometers, its core feature is Zion Canyon, stretching 24 kilometers long and 800 meters deep, belonging to the Colorado Plateau geological zone. Established as a national monument in 1909, it officially became a national park in 1919. The canyon is primarily composed of Navajo sandstone, formed during the Jurassic period 150 million years ago. Continuous erosion by the Virgin River has created unique stepped canyon landforms. Notable formations include: Angels Landing (1,762 meters above sea level), the Great White Throne (2,100 meters), and Checkerboard Mesa, among others. The park spans three ecological zones: desert, riparian, and woodland. It is home to 900 recorded plant species, including the rare Zion daisy, and 81 mammal species, with the desert bighorn sheep as a key protected species. All flora and fauna are legally protected. Recommended Exploration Routes: 1. Canyon Trail (round trip 5.4 km): A gentle ascent along the Virgin River, ending at the entrance to "The Narrows." 2. Scenic View Route: Drive to Kolob Canyons Viewpoint for a panoramic view of the canyon. Transportation: 1. Air: The nearest airport is in St. George (about 45 km away). 2. Self-drive (recommended): From Salt Lake City, take I-15 south for approximately 4.5 hours. 3. Park shuttle: Mandatory use of free shuttles (9 stops in total) from March to November. Important Notes: 1. Summer temperatures often exceed 38°C (100°F); carry at least 3 liters of water per person. 2. During the rainy season (July-August), be alert for flash floods and monitor weather warnings. 3. Backcountry camping requires advance permits, with limited same-day availability. 4. Recommended gear includes sturdy hiking shoes, sun protection, and detailed topographic maps. 5. Best visiting periods: April-May and September-October for mild temperatures and fewer crowds. Some routes are closed in winter.